![]() ![]() ![]() Biofilm-associated infections are more difficult to treat and control since sessile cells are 10- to 1000-fold more resistant than their planktonic counterparts. Sessile cells are protected from the surrounding environment by the extracellular matrix that covers the cell and is therefore a key factor of drug resistance. It is defined as complex and dynamic microbial 3D structures, consisting of attached cells encased in a self-synthesized matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). ![]() Indeed, the ability to form biofilms is an important virulence factor for pathogenic microorganisms. Household/industrial, biomaterials and/or biological surfaces are some of the substrates that can be colonized by microorganisms. Microorganisms can naturally accumulate on a wide variety of surfaces where they form sessile communities, as mono or polymicrobial biofilms.
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